Which of the following is a key factor in establishing land boundaries?

A key factor in establishing land boundaries is the use of corner monuments and reference points. These physical markers provide definitive and objective indicators of property lines. Corner monuments are traditionally placed at the corners of a parcel of land and serve as fixed points that surveyors can rely upon during boundary surveys. These monuments can be metal rods, concrete markers, or other durable materials that clearly delineate the exact boundaries as per land survey records.

Reference points complement this process by providing additional locations from which to conduct measurements and ensure accuracy during surveys. Accurate boundary determination is essential for legal land descriptions, property transfers, and resolving disputes. Hence, the reliance on defined, established markers is crucial in the surveying discipline. The integrity of property boundaries hinges significantly on these physical indicators, which facilitate the process of mapping and understanding land ownership.